AllenWeb Site - since 1995
Industrial Automation - Design, Planning and Using Technology - Jun 1998
| Automation |
Industrial Automation - Design, Planning and Using Technology
Table of Contents Hydraulics and Pneumatics Hydraulics and Pneumatics Components Air Flow thru Pneumatic
Valves
Hydraulic Fluids, Contamination & Filtration Noise in Fluid Power Systems
Power Transmission Power Transmission Components Establishing Predictive Maintenance
Failure Analysis of Gears & Bearings Select Servo Technology & Application
Motion Control and Sensors Motion Control and Sensor Components Selecting Electronic Sensors
Electronic Interfacing and Controls Selecting Controller for Application
Software Solutions and Applications in Industrial Automation MES ...these topics are still under construction in detail.
Please excuse.... SCADA
MMI (you can see some of the work on this section by entering here.) QA/QC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Components
Accumulators (bladder, piston)Actuators (rotory) Adapters Amplifiers Bearings (composite) Clamping Systems
Compressors (air) Connectors Control Panels (electrical) Controllers & Positioners Couplers (hydraulic) Cylinder
Tubing (composite) Cyliners (hydraulic, multi-power, pneumatic) Drives (electronic) Filters (hydraulic, all types)
Filtration (carts & systems) Fittings (hydraulic, all types) Gages (instrumentation) Grippers (parrallel) Headers
Heat Exchangers Hoses (hydraulic, pneumatic) Hydraulic Flanges Hydraulic Fluids Industrial Nuts Intensifiers
Junction Blocks Manifolds & Subplates Motors (air) Motors (brushless, motor parts, hydraulic) Nozzles O-Rings
Orifices Packings Plugs (protectors and expansion) Positioners Power Units/Packs Presses (air) Pressure
Transmitters Protectors (cable, hoses, thread, cable) Pumps (air operated, hydraulic, vacuum) Regulators
(pressure) Reservoirs Restrictors Seals (sealing systems, seal kits, packing) Sensors Shock
AbsorbersSilencersStrainers Switchs (all types) Test EquipmentThreadlock Adhesives Transducers & Transmitters
Tubing & Shafting (metal, plastic)Valves (ball, cartridge, check, directional control, electro-pneumatic, flow control,
pilot, pneumatic, pressure control, proportional, servo, solenoid)Wear Rings
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydraulic Fluids, Contamination and Filtration
Always to be considered are the properties and characteristics of the fluids handled: water-, petroleum-, systhetic-,
and/or vegetable-based. Must be able to compare performance and application of each. Must understand selection
criteria.
The detrimental effects of contaminants on hydraulic fluid, components, systems, and performance must be
understood. Must know different types and forms of contaminants and their sources. Must understand fluid sample
analysis to determine degree and nature of contamination as a step toward improving fluid cleanliness.
Fluid filtration as an integral step toward cleanliness in fluids. Important are: filter placement within a system
(suction, pressure, and return lines, plus off-line filtration), advantages and disadvantages of each type of filter
media, filter construction, and filter ratings and performance. Must understand selection criteria for best fit.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Flow throught Pneumatic Valves
Three important areas to an understanding of pneumatic systems:
Gas Dynamics - must understand general gas laws, standard conditions for air, how to run calulations, and gas
behavior during compression and expansion.
Flow Rates - must understand the flow of incompressible fluids (liquids), the flow of compressed air, the SCFM
concept, and be know how to run calculations.
Valve Pressure Drop - must understand liquid and air valve coefficients, air valve selection, tables to simplify
calculations, and know how to run calculations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Noise in Fluid Power Systems
Different types of noise (airborne, structure-borne, and fluid-borne). Need an understanding of sound pressure,
sound level, decibels, the A scale, and harmonics. The sources of noise may be pumps, motors, and/or valves.
Must know noise control - controlling noise at the source, source isolation, increasing the natural frequency of
transmitters, and streamlining and insulating noise sources from their surroundings.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Power Transmission Components
Ballscrews Bearings (all types) Belting Brakes & Clutches Breathers Bushings (ball) Chains (roller) Collars
Connections (hub & shaft) Controls (motor) Conveyors & Components Couplers & Couplings Drives (all types)
Drum Motors Encoders Ends (rod) Expansion Chambers Gears (gear boxes, gear heads) Gib Liners Guides (linear
motion) Inverters Isolation Mounts Linear Motion ProductsLinkages & Connecting Rods Locknuts Lubrication Systems
Motor Controls Motorized Pulleys Motors (brushless DC, electric-all types, gear, induction) Pulleys Reducers (speed)
Relief Vents (pressure/vacuum) SealsSplines Sprockets (all types) Starters (solid state)Switches Tables (positioning)
Timing Devices Torque Transmission Wear Strips Winches
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Failure Analysis of Gears and Bearings
To prevent additional failures, it is often necessary to understand why something failed. You need to be able to
recognize the various types of failures, normal operating stresses, effects of inadequate lubrication, momentary
overloads, and fatique loads. Futhermore, attention should be paid to setting up a failure analysis program.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Establishing a Successful Predictive Maintenance Program (RCM!)
Many decision makers consider predictive maintenance programs too complex and costly. In some cases, this is
true. You must consider the phases, from planning initial concepts and developing cost-benefit analysis to carrying
the project to maturity. You need to understand how a mature program operates and the methods to ensure they
meet realistic criteria.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selecting Servo Technolgy and Applications Correctly
With the wide variety of servos available, it is tempting to select whatever is familiar. However, that type may not
offer the optimum performance or economy. The application information needed to make decisions must be
developed. An understanding of ac, dc, and vector servo drive technologies with emphasis on adjustment
procedures, manual and auto-tuning, and the economic factors must be in place.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Motion Control and Sensor Componenents
Actuators (linear) Amplifiers (servo) Blocks (terminal) Blowers Controllers Dampers (inertia) Data Acquisition
Distributed Control Systems Drivers (step motors)Fans Slides (components & systems) Motors (DC brushless,
compact gear, stepper)Measuring Systems Relays Sensors (capacitive, fibre optic, inductive, magnetic,
photoelectric, pressure, ultrasonic) Signal Conditioning Software (various and for step motors) Switches
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electronic Interfacing and Controls
Must have an understanding of analog electrohydraulic controls and basic control loops (with regard to speed control
and load disturbances), ability to select sensors relative to speed, torque, pressure, and flow measurements. Must
know control valves with emphasis on proportional and servo-quality proportional valves, and PID control, including
control algorithms and proportional, integral, and theoretical derivative control action.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selecting Electronic Sensors
Must understand the functions and advantages of transducers and how to integrate them into systems.
Types of Transducers - pressure, linear-displacement, rotary, temperature, and other special types.
Application Considerations - electrical interfacing, measurement range, placement within a system, and connections.
Evaluation of selection alternatives by weighing variables to reach an intelligent decision.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selecting the Right Controller for the Application
Motion control applications vary widely in speed, positioning, coordination, and other parameters. There is an
equally wide choice of control options on the market, from the simple operator's devices to programmable logic
controllers and industrial computers. You must understand how to match a controller to an application's
performance and economic constraints.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selecting Software Solutions / Applications
Pros and Cons of each type of software solutions /applications for consideration. A competitive evaluation of
vendors' products and capabilities is part of project assessment and an integral responsibility of the Project
Management Executive.
Assessments begin with an evaluation of the type of application, since there are over 100 categories for specifying
an MES (Manufacturing Execution System).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluation Areas for Project Management Assessment
System Information Plant Management Resource Management
Finite Scheduling
Maintenance Management
Manufacturing / Process
Engineering Management
Process / Manufacturing Simulation
Manufacturability Analysis
Engineering Process Development Tools
Computer-Aided Process Planning & Documentation
Electronic Documentation Management, Delivery
Process Management SCADA / Supervisory / Cell Control
Recipe and NC Program Management
Computer-Aided Operator Support
Data Collection, Information Management
Man Machine Interface
Quality Management Quality Documentation
Supplier Management
Process Controls
Inspection and Testing
Laboratory Information Management (LIM)
Non-conformance and Corrective Action
Statistical Analysis
Product Handling and Servicing
Cost of Quality
System Interfaces
System Information System Information Manufacturing Environment Intended
Installing Base for System
System Pricing
Platform Options
Client/Server or Distributed Architecture Options
System Environment Primary Software Language / Software Tools
Network Capability
System Operational Environment Operating Area
International Language
Input Devices Support
System Interface Options Electronic Data Interface (EDI)
Data Input Format
Data Export Format
Other Electronic Data Interfaces
Supplier Information Supplier Information Total Personnel for MES
Quantity of Personnel Dedicated to following:
Support, Analysis, and Implementation Services
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remember, do it right... or you will be very unhappy!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-END-
| Disclaimer: This is Paul Allen's personal business library. Articles and papers contained therein are for his use and reference. While this information is being made public by being published on the internet, any use of any material or guidance contained herein is at one's own risk. Neither the author Paul Allen nor Project Executive Group have any responsibility if anything is taken from this website and utilized. While we believe these articles and papers make a significant contribution to learning, beware that anyone who uses this information does so at their own risk. We make no representations to accuracy or completeness. |
| Return |
